What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease is an infection and inflammation of the tissues that support the teeth, primarily caused by plaque and bacteria building up around the gum line. There are two main stages.

Gingivitis
The earliest stage of gum disease. At this stage, the condition affects the gums but hasn’t yet caused permanent damage to the supporting structures around the teeth. With professional treatment and improved oral hygiene, gingivitis can often be reversed.
Periodontitis
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress into periodontitis, a more advanced form of gum disease affecting the gums, bone, and supporting tissues. As the condition progresses, bone loss may occur, increasing the risk of tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss. Early intervention is key to managing periodontitis and preserving oral health.
What Causes Gum Disease?
The primary cause is a build-up of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth every day. If it isn’t removed effectively through brushing, flossing, and professional cleaning, it can harden into tartar, which contributes to gum irritation and inflammation. Additional risk factors include:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hormonal changes
- Certain medications
- Family history of gum disease
- Stress


Common Signs and Symptoms
- Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
- Red or swollen gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Receding gums
- Loose teeth
- Increased tooth sensitivity
If you notice any of these symptoms, early assessment is highly recommended.
Why Is Gum Disease a Serious Concern?
Many patients view bleeding gums as a minor issue, but untreated gum disease can lead to gum recession, bone loss, loose teeth, tooth loss, persistent infection, and difficulty chewing. Protecting gum health is essential for maintaining both your smile and overall oral function.
Gum Disease Treatment Options
Why Choose Mona Lisa Smiles?
We focus on prevention, early detection, and personalised treatment planning. We provide:
- Access to Dr Kuljeet Mehta, Specialist Periodontist, for advanced cases
- Thorough gum assessments to catch problems early
- Personalised hygiene and maintenance plans
- Clear, honest advice about the stage your gum health
- Sedation options for patients who find treatment uncomfortable
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes. Bleeding gums are often one of the earliest signs of gum disease and should always be assessed.
Early-stage gingivitis can often be reversed with professional treatment and improved oral hygiene. Advanced periodontitis requires ongoing management.
Yes. Untreated periodontitis can damage the supporting structures around teeth and eventually lead to tooth loss.
This varies depending on your oral health. We’ll recommend a schedule based on your individual needs.
Book Your Consultation
Book your consultation today. If you’re experiencing bleeding gums, gum recession, persistent bad breath, or any signs of gum disease, early treatment can help reduce the risk of further progression and complications, for patients across Barnet and North London.

